Ecology in NLP is the study of the consequences or results or impact of any change that occurs on the wider system. It is the dynamic balance of elements in any system. A concern for the overall relationship between a being and its environment. The overall relationship between a person and their thoughts, strategies, behaviours, capabilities, values and beliefs.

It is important to take account of ecology so that you can study the possible consequences of a planned action or change and also so that NLP does not become manipulative.